The relationship between the frequency and the amplitude of sound waves is independent of each other. Frequency and amplitude are two distinct properties of sound waves.
Frequency refers to the number of cycles or vibrations the sound wave completes in a given unit of time. It is measured in hertz (Hz) and determines the pitch of the sound. Higher frequencies correspond to higher-pitched sounds, while lower frequencies correspond to lower-pitched sounds. For example, a high-pitched whistle produces sound waves with a high frequency, while a low-pitched bass guitar produces sound waves with a low frequency.
On the other hand, amplitude refers to the maximum displacement or intensity of the sound wave from its equilibrium position. It is a measure of the energy carried by the wave and determines the volume or loudness of the sound. Larger amplitudes correspond to louder sounds, while smaller amplitudes correspond to softer sounds. For instance, when you strike a drum hard, it produces sound waves with a larger amplitude, resulting in a louder sound. Conversely, striking the drum lightly produces sound waves with a smaller amplitude and a softer sound.
While frequency and amplitude are independent properties, they both contribute to the overall perception and characteristics of sound. Higher amplitudes can make a high-frequency sound seem louder, while lower amplitudes can make a low-frequency sound seem softer. However, it's important to note that changing the amplitude does not directly affect the frequency, and changing the frequency does not directly affect the amplitude of a sound wave.