Pitch, wavelength, and period are associated with frequency because they are different ways of expressing the same fundamental property of a sound wave, which is its rate of oscillation or vibration.
Frequency refers to the number of complete oscillations or cycles of a wave that occur per unit of time, typically measured in hertz (Hz). It represents how rapidly the particles in a medium (such as air) are vibrating back and forth. Higher frequencies correspond to more rapid vibrations, while lower frequencies correspond to slower vibrations.
Pitch, on the other hand, is a subjective perception of the frequency of a sound. It is how we interpret and categorize sounds as being high or low. When a sound wave has a higher frequency, we perceive it as having a higher pitch, and when it has a lower frequency, we perceive it as having a lower pitch. So, the pitch of a sound is closely related to its frequency.
Wavelength is another way to express the frequency of a sound wave. It refers to the distance between two corresponding points on a wave, such as the distance between two crests or two troughs. In a sound wave, wavelength is inversely related to frequency. As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa. This relationship is governed by the wave equation: speed = frequency × wavelength.
Period is the reciprocal of frequency and represents the time it takes for one complete cycle or oscillation to occur. It is measured in seconds. The period is the time it takes for the sound wave to repeat itself. The relationship between period and frequency is also reciprocal. Higher frequencies have shorter periods, and lower frequencies have longer periods.
Regarding volume and amplitude, they are associated because amplitude is a measure of the magnitude or strength of a sound wave, which determines its loudness or softness, also known as volume.
Amplitude refers to the maximum displacement or distance that particles in a medium (such as air) are moved from their resting or equilibrium position as a sound wave passes through. In other words, it represents the height or intensity of the wave. Larger amplitudes correspond to louder sounds, while smaller amplitudes correspond to softer sounds.
When a sound wave has a larger amplitude, it causes greater vibrations in the air molecules, which leads to a larger variation in air pressure. This increased variation in air pressure is perceived by our ears as a louder sound. Conversely, a smaller amplitude causes smaller vibrations and a smaller variation in air pressure, resulting in a softer sound.
Therefore, volume or loudness is closely related to the amplitude of a sound wave.