To calculate the average voltage of a square wave with an amplitude of 0V for the low voltage and 4V for the high voltage, you need to consider the duty cycle of the square wave. The duty cycle represents the percentage of time the square wave spends at the high voltage compared to the total time period of the wave.
In this case, since the low voltage is 0V and the high voltage is 4V, the average voltage will depend on the duty cycle. Let's assume the duty cycle is D, where D is a value between 0 and 1.
The average voltage of the square wave can be calculated using the following formula:
Average Voltage = (D * High Voltage) + ((1 - D) * Low Voltage)
In this case, the Low Voltage is 0V and the High Voltage is 4V:
Average Voltage = (D * 4V) + ((1 - D) * 0V)
Simplifying the equation:
Average Voltage = (D * 4V) + 0V
Average Voltage = D * 4V
Therefore, the average voltage of the square wave will be equal to the duty cycle (D) multiplied by the high voltage (4V).