Ionizing electromagnetic (EM) waves, such as X-rays and gamma rays, are typically not described in terms of their amplitude because their characteristics are better understood and communicated using other parameters. The amplitude of an EM wave represents the strength or intensity of the wave, but for ionizing radiation, other properties are more relevant and commonly used to describe them. Here's why:
Energy: Ionizing EM waves are characterized by their high energy levels. Instead of focusing on the amplitude, it is more meaningful to discuss the energy carried by these waves. Ionizing radiation can transfer enough energy to dislodge electrons from atoms, leading to the ionization of atoms and molecules. The energy of ionizing EM waves is typically quantified in electron volts (eV) or joules (J).
Frequency: The frequency of an EM wave is directly related to its energy. Ionizing EM waves have extremely high frequencies, corresponding to high energies. X-rays and gamma rays have frequencies in the range of petahertz (10^15 Hz) to exahertz (10^18 Hz). Describing ionizing radiation in terms of frequency is more informative than amplitude.
Penetration Power: Another crucial characteristic of ionizing radiation is its ability to penetrate matter. Ionizing EM waves can pass through various materials, including human tissue, which makes them useful for medical imaging and cancer treatment. The penetration power is related to the energy and frequency of the radiation rather than its amplitude.
While the amplitude of an EM wave is a fundamental property, it is less relevant when discussing ionizing radiation due to the unique nature and applications of these high-energy waves. Instead, properties such as energy, frequency, and penetration power are more commonly used to convey important information about ionizing EM waves.