The question of the prevalence of life on Earth compared to other planets is still a matter of scientific investigation and speculation. no conclusive evidence of extraterrestrial life has been found. However, given the vast number of planets in the universe, many scientists believe that it is highly probable that life exists elsewhere.
The discovery of numerous exoplanets (planets orbiting stars outside our solar system) in recent years has expanded the potential habitable zones where life could potentially exist. These habitable zones, also known as the "Goldilocks zone," refer to regions around a star where conditions are suitable for liquid water to exist on the planet's surface—an essential ingredient for life as we know it.
While we have yet to find direct evidence of life beyond Earth, the discovery of extremophiles—organisms that thrive in extreme conditions—on Earth has broadened our understanding of where life can exist. Life has been found in extreme environments such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, acidic lakes, frozen environments, and even within rocks. These discoveries suggest that life may be more adaptable and resilient than previously thought, increasing the likelihood of its existence in other parts of the universe.
The field of astrobiology aims to address questions regarding the prevalence of life in the universe, the conditions necessary for its existence, and the potential forms it may take. Future space missions, such as NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and upcoming Mars missions, along with advancements in technology, may provide us with more insights and evidence in the search for extraterrestrial life.