When observing objects that are beyond the horizon using long-range cameras or telescopes, it may appear as though they should be hidden by the Earth's curvature. However, there are a few factors at play that can allow us to see objects that are technically below the line of sight.
Refraction: The Earth's atmosphere can cause the bending of light due to variations in temperature and density. This atmospheric refraction can sometimes create an illusion by bending light rays and allowing us to see objects that are slightly beyond the geometric horizon.
Height of observer and target: The height of the observer can have an impact on the visibility of distant objects. If the observer is at an elevated position, such as on a hill or a tall building, they can potentially extend their line of sight and see objects that would otherwise be hidden by the Earth's curvature.
Zoom capabilities: The use of cameras or telescopes with high magnification, combined with the previous factors, can enhance the visibility of distant objects. Zooming in can effectively bring objects that are slightly beyond the horizon into view by magnifying the image and making them more discernible.
It's important to note that while these factors can allow us to see objects that are technically beyond the geometric horizon, the amount of visible distance will still be limited by the Earth's curvature. At a certain point, objects will eventually become obscured by the curvature, and no amount of magnification or atmospheric conditions will make them visible.
Additionally, it's worth mentioning that observations using long-range cameras or telescopes need to take into account various atmospheric conditions, including humidity, temperature gradients, and atmospheric turbulence, which can affect the quality and clarity of the observed images.