Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star located in the constellation Orion, and it has been of interest to astronomers due to its potential to undergo a supernova explosion in the future. However, it's important to note that predicting the exact timing of a supernova is challenging, and astronomers cannot say with certainty when Betelgeuse will explode, or if it will even explode within the foreseeable future.
Assuming Betelgeuse does explode as a supernova, it would not have a direct impact on our Sun. Betelgeuse is located relatively far away from our solar system, at a distance of about 640 light-years. Supernova explosions release an enormous amount of energy and can be incredibly bright, but their effects on surrounding star systems are limited to relatively nearby regions.
When a massive star like Betelgeuse undergoes a supernova explosion, it briefly outshines an entire galaxy and releases a burst of energy and material into space. The explosion can trigger the formation of new stars and disperse heavy elements that were created within the star. However, its effects on our Sun and the solar system would mainly be limited to potentially enhancing the overall richness of heavy elements in the interstellar medium.
The ultimate fate of our Sun is quite different. It is currently a stable, main-sequence star, but in about 5 billion years, it will exhaust its nuclear fuel and enter a phase of stellar evolution called the red giant phase. During this phase, the Sun will expand in size and become a red giant, engulfing the inner planets, including Earth. Eventually, the Sun will shed its outer layers, forming a planetary nebula, and the remaining core, known as a white dwarf, will cool down over billions of years.
So while the explosion of Betelgeuse, if it occurs during our Sun's lifetime, would be an extraordinary astronomical event, it would not directly impact the Sun's evolution.