In quantum mechanics, an electron state refers to the specific quantum state in which an electron can exist. It describes the properties of the electron, such as its energy, position, momentum, and spin. According to the principles of quantum mechanics, electrons can occupy discrete energy levels or orbitals around an atomic nucleus.
The mass of an electron is approximately 9.10938356 × 10^-31 kilograms, which is about 1/1836th the mass of a proton. The charge of an electron is considered negative and is equal to -1 elementary charge. The elementary charge is approximately 1.602176634 × 10^-19 coulombs.
Electrons play a crucial role in determining the chemical and physical properties of atoms and molecules. The arrangement and distribution of electrons within an atom's orbitals determine its chemical behavior, including its ability to form bonds and participate in chemical reactions.