Antimatter is composed of antiparticles, which are the counterparts of the particles that make up ordinary matter. Each type of particle in ordinary matter has a corresponding antiparticle with the same mass but opposite charge.
For example, the antiparticle of the electron (a negatively charged particle) is called the positron, which is positively charged. Similarly, the antiparticle of the proton (a positively charged particle found in atomic nuclei) is called the antiproton, which has a negative charge.
Antiparticles have the same mass as their corresponding particles but opposite electric charge and other quantum properties, such as spin. When a particle and its corresponding antiparticle encounter each other, they can annihilate, resulting in the production of energy, typically in the form of photons (particles of light).
In addition to positrons and antiprotons, other types of antiparticles exist, such as antineutrons (the antiparticles of neutrons), antineutrinos (the antiparticles of neutrinos), and so on. These antiparticles can combine with their corresponding particles to form antimatter atoms and molecules.
Antimatter is a subject of great interest in physics due to its unique properties and potential applications. However, antimatter is relatively rare in the universe, and it is challenging to produce and contain large amounts of it because it quickly annihilates when it comes into contact with ordinary matter.