Particles in quantum mechanics are described by wave functions, which are mathematical representations that contain information about the probability distribution of finding the particle in different locations. While it is true that particles can exhibit non-localized behavior, such as wave-like properties and superposition, they can still participate in the formation of macroscopic structures and exhibit localized behavior in certain circumstances.
The key concept to understand is quantum superposition and the measurement process. In quantum mechanics, particles can exist in a superposition of states, meaning they can simultaneously occupy multiple possible locations. However, when a measurement is made, the wave function "collapses" into a specific state, and the particle is observed at a particular position.
In the case of macroscopic structures like metals, the behavior of individual particles gives rise to emergent properties that result in the formation of solid objects. While the behavior of individual particles may be described by wave functions and exhibit non-localized properties, the collective behavior of a large number of particles leads to the formation of localized structures, such as the arrangement of atoms in a solid lattice.
Similarly, when observing a photo of an electron suspended in an electric field, the image captures the result of a measurement or interaction between the electron and the electric field. At the moment of observation, the electron's wave function collapses to a specific location, providing a localized representation of the electron's position at that instant.
It is important to note that the transition from the quantum world to the macroscopic world is still an area of active research and is known as the quantum-classical boundary. The precise mechanisms that allow macroscopic objects to exhibit classical behavior and localization are still the subject of ongoing investigation and are part of the field of quantum decoherence and the study of the quantum measurement problem.
In summary, while particles in quantum mechanics can exhibit non-localized behavior, the collective behavior of particles can give rise to macroscopic structures and localized observations through the process of measurement and the emergence of classical behavior.