According to the wave-particle duality concept in quantum mechanics, light can exhibit both particle-like and wave-like properties. Light is composed of fundamental units called photons, which can be considered as particles. These photons have energy, momentum, and can interact with matter as discrete entities.
The wave-like nature of light is evident in phenomena such as interference and diffraction. When light passes through narrow slits or encounters obstacles, it can produce interference patterns and exhibit diffraction, similar to what we observe with waves. These behaviors are best explained using wave models, such as the electromagnetic wave theory.
On the other hand, light also exhibits particle-like behavior in certain experiments. For instance, the photoelectric effect, where light ejects electrons from a material, can be explained by treating light as a stream of particles (photons) with discrete energy. Additionally, the phenomenon of photon counting, where individual photons are detected and measured, further supports the particle nature of light.
In summary, while light is often described as having both wave-like and particle-like properties, the most accurate understanding is that it behaves as both a wave and a particle, depending on the experimental context and the specific properties being observed. This duality is a fundamental characteristic of quantum mechanics.