When two particles become entangled, their quantum states become correlated in such a way that the state of one particle cannot be described independently of the state of the other particle. This means that measuring the state of one particle instantly affects the state of the other particle, regardless of the distance between them. This phenomenon is known as quantum entanglement.
The exact nature of entanglement and the mechanisms behind it are still subjects of ongoing research and debate in the field of quantum mechanics. However, entanglement has been experimentally observed and verified through numerous experiments, providing strong evidence for its existence.
The information about the entanglement is not stored in a specific physical location. Instead, it is encoded in the quantum state of the entangled particles. The quantum state is a mathematical description that represents the probabilities of different outcomes when measurements are made on the particles. The entanglement between the particles is reflected in the correlations and dependencies between these probabilities.
Entanglement is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics and has been verified through experiments such as the Bell inequality tests. These experiments have shown that the predictions of quantum mechanics for entangled systems are incompatible with certain classical theories, ruling out local hidden variable theories as explanations for entanglement.
While there is no complete consensus on the underlying mechanisms of entanglement, the phenomenon is experimentally well-established and forms a crucial component of various quantum technologies and applications, such as quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum teleportation.