Dark matter, by its nature, does not emit, absorb, or reflect light, making it difficult to directly observe or detect. Its presence is inferred through its gravitational effects on visible matter and the structure of the universe.
To date, the direct detection of dark matter particles has not been achieved, and scientists are still working to understand its exact nature. However, there have been observations that indicate the presence of dark matter on large scales within galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the cosmic web.
The farthest distance at which dark matter has been inferred or studied indirectly is within galaxy clusters and large-scale structures in the universe, which can be billions of light-years away from Earth. These observations are based on the gravitational lensing effects caused by the mass of dark matter bending the path of light from more distant objects. This lensing effect has been observed in various studies, including those conducted by the Hubble Space Telescope and other astronomical observatories.
It's important to note that our understanding of dark matter is still evolving, and ongoing research and observations continue to provide insights into its properties and distribution throughout the universe.