The question of how subatomic particles come into existence out of nothing is a topic of active research and speculation in theoretical physics. Our current understanding of particle physics is described by the Standard Model, which explains the behavior and interactions of subatomic particles. However, the origins of particles and the fundamental nature of "nothingness" are still areas of investigation.
According to our current understanding, particles can be created and annihilated through various processes. For example, in high-energy particle collisions, such as those occurring in particle accelerators, the energy can be converted into matter, producing new particles. This process is described by Einstein's famous equation E=mc², which states that energy can be converted into mass and vice versa.
In addition, particles can spontaneously appear and disappear in what is known as quantum fluctuations. According to quantum mechanics, the behavior of particles and fields is described by probability distributions rather than definite states. This allows for temporary violations of energy conservation, known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, which allows particles to pop in and out of existence within very short time intervals. These particles are often referred to as virtual particles, and their existence is tied to the uncertainty inherent in quantum mechanics.
As for the idea that subatomic particles can't be destroyed, it is based on the principle of conservation of energy and the conservation of other fundamental quantities, such as electric charge, baryon number, and lepton number. In isolated systems, these quantities are generally conserved, which means they cannot be created or destroyed. However, particles can undergo transformations and change into different types of particles through various processes, such as particle decay or particle-antiparticle annihilation.
It's important to note that our understanding of these concepts is based on our current scientific models and theories, which are subject to revision and refinement as new discoveries are made. The nature of "nothingness" and the fundamental origins of particles are still active areas of research, and there may be aspects of the universe that we have yet to uncover.