When a large enough object collides with the Sun, several things occur:
Impact and Vaporization: The object would experience an immense gravitational pull from the Sun as it gets closer. Upon impact, it would release an enormous amount of energy due to the high speeds involved. The impact would cause the object to vaporize almost instantaneously, converting its mass into energy.
Energy Release: The conversion of mass into energy would result in a powerful explosion. The energy release would manifest as a significant increase in solar radiation, including intense light and heat.
Disruption of Solar Dynamics: The collision would disrupt the normal dynamics and structure of the Sun. The sudden addition of mass and energy could cause disturbances in the Sun's internal processes, such as convection currents and nuclear fusion reactions.
Solar Flares and Ejections: The impact and subsequent disruption could trigger solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Solar flares are sudden eruptions of electromagnetic radiation, while CMEs are massive bursts of charged particles that are ejected into space. These events can have an impact on space weather and can potentially affect satellites, communication systems, and power grids on Earth.
Temporary Brightening: The collision event might cause a temporary increase in the Sun's brightness, but the overall effect would depend on the size and composition of the impacting object. However, the Sun's immense mass and energy output would likely overpower the effects of a single collision, quickly restoring its equilibrium.
It is worth noting that the likelihood of a large object colliding with the Sun is extremely low. The Sun's immense gravitational pull tends to capture and attract objects into orbits around it rather than having them collide directly. Most objects in the solar system follow stable orbits and do not intersect the Sun's path.