In quantum mechanics, particles can exhibit wave-particle duality, which means they can exist as both particles and waves. The concept of a particle having a definite position is more applicable to classical physics, whereas in the quantum realm, particles are described by wavefunctions that represent a probability distribution of finding the particle in different locations.
Particle accelerators work by manipulating the wave-like properties of particles rather than treating them as classical objects with definite positions. Accelerators use electric and magnetic fields to accelerate and control the motion of charged particles. By applying these fields in specific configurations, particles can be accelerated to high speeds, allowing them to collide with each other.
When particles are accelerated in a particle accelerator, their wavefunctions are also affected. The wavefunctions spread out and become more delocalized, representing a range of possible positions and momenta for the particles. However, when two accelerated particles collide, the interaction occurs at a specific point in space and time.
The collision event is determined by the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. The wavefunctions of the colliding particles overlap in space, leading to a higher probability of interaction at that specific location. By carefully controlling the parameters of the accelerator, scientists can increase the likelihood of particle collisions at desired points within the accelerator's detectors.
After the collision, the resulting particles are detected and their properties are measured. These measurements help scientists study the fundamental properties of matter and the interactions between particles, shedding light on the underlying nature of the universe.
In summary, while particles do not have definite positions in the quantum realm, particle accelerators take advantage of the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics to manipulate and control particle waves, increasing the likelihood of collisions at specific points within the accelerator.