To distinguish between trimethylamine and isoquinoline in a simple laboratory test, you can utilize the fact that trimethylamine is a volatile compound with a characteristic odor, while isoquinoline is a non-volatile compound.
One common method to distinguish between the two compounds is the smell test. Trimethylamine has a distinct, fishy odor, similar to that of decaying fish, while isoquinoline is odorless. By heating a small sample of the compounds separately and observing the smell, you can differentiate between them.
The reaction equation and mechanism for this test would be as follows:
Trimethylamine: (CH3)3N (Trimethylamine) → (CH3)3N(g) (Vaporized trimethylamine) (CH3)3N(g) has a strong, fishy odor.
Isoquinoline: Isoquinoline does not undergo vaporization or produce any characteristic odor upon heating.
By comparing the smell of the heated samples, you can identify whether the compound is trimethylamine (if a fishy odor is observed) or isoquinoline (if no odor is detected). It's important to handle and perform these tests in a well-ventilated area to avoid exposure to any harmful fumes.