The clarity of water, which allows you to see the bottom, is influenced by several factors:
Absence of Suspended Particles: Clear water typically lacks suspended particles such as sediment, algae, or organic matter. These particles scatter and absorb light, making the water appear turbid or cloudy. When water is free from such particles, it allows light to pass through without significant scattering, resulting in clearer visibility.
Low Turbidity: Turbidity refers to the cloudiness or haziness of water caused by the presence of suspended particles. Water with low turbidity appears clearer because there are fewer particles to obstruct light transmission. Turbidity can be influenced by factors such as soil erosion, pollution, runoff, or natural processes like algae blooms.
Low Algae Concentration: Algae are microscopic organisms that can thrive in water bodies. Excessive growth of algae, known as an algal bloom, can lead to decreased water clarity. Algal blooms occur due to factors such as nutrient pollution (e.g., from agricultural runoff) and warm temperatures. Clear water bodies typically have lower algae concentrations.
Low Dissolved Organic Matter: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) refers to organic compounds dissolved in water, such as decaying plant matter or animal waste. High levels of DOM can contribute to water discoloration and reduce visibility. Clear water bodies tend to have lower levels of dissolved organic matter.
Absence of Colorants: Certain substances can impart color to water, such as tannins from decaying vegetation or minerals. Clear water usually lacks significant concentrations of such colorants, resulting in a transparent appearance.
It's important to note that different water bodies vary in their natural clarity, and human activities can also impact water clarity through pollution, sedimentation, or nutrient runoff. Natural or artificial treatments like filtration or sedimentation basins can be employed to improve water clarity when necessary.