In atomic physics, quanta refer to discrete units of energy. The maximum number of quanta that can be in an atom depends on various factors, including the energy levels and quantum states of the electrons within the atom.
In an atom, electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells. The first energy level closest to the nucleus can hold up to 2 electrons, the second energy level can hold up to 8 electrons, and so on. These energy levels are further divided into subshells or orbitals, which have specific shapes and orientations.
Each orbital can accommodate a certain number of electrons based on its type. The s orbital can hold up to 2 electrons, the p orbital can hold up to 6 electrons, the d orbital can hold up to 10 electrons, and the f orbital can hold up to 14 electrons.
The total number of electrons in an atom is determined by its atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus. For example, hydrogen (atomic number 1) has 1 electron, helium (atomic number 2) has 2 electrons, and so on.
Therefore, the maximum number of quanta in an atom would depend on the element and its atomic number, as well as the specific distribution of electrons among the energy levels and orbitals.