The rate at which a material gains or loses temperature when heat energy is added or removed depends on its specific heat capacity. The specific heat capacity is a measure of how much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of a given amount of a substance by a certain amount.
Assuming all three metals have the same mass and the same amount of heat energy is given to them at the same temperature, the metal with the highest specific heat capacity will gain the lowest temperature. This is because a higher specific heat capacity indicates that the metal can absorb more heat energy per unit mass without a significant increase in temperature.
Among common metals, the specific heat capacities generally increase in the following order: aluminum < copper < lead. Therefore, lead, with the highest specific heat capacity, would gain the lowest temperature when the same amount of heat energy is given to it compared to aluminum and copper. Lead requires more heat energy to raise its temperature compared to aluminum and copper due to its higher specific heat capacity.
It's important to note that this is a simplified scenario and other factors, such as thermal conductivity and environmental conditions, can also influence the temperature change in real-world situations.