The force that an object can exert on glass without breaking it depends on various factors, including the strength and thickness of the glass, the distribution of the force, and the type of glass involved.
Glass is a brittle material, meaning it tends to fracture rather than deform under stress. It has a certain level of tensile strength, which is its ability to resist being pulled apart, and compressive strength, which is its ability to withstand forces that compress or squeeze it.
To determine the force an object can apply without breaking the glass, engineers and material scientists perform tests to measure the glass's strength properties. These tests involve subjecting samples of the glass to controlled forces and observing their response.
The specific strength values can vary widely depending on the type of glass. For example, tempered glass is designed to be stronger than regular annealed glass. Additionally, different types of glass, such as borosilicate or laminated glass, have varying strength properties.
It's important to note that even with relatively strong glass, there are limits to the force it can withstand. Exceeding those limits can lead to cracks, fractures, or complete breakage. Therefore, it's generally advised to avoid subjecting glass to excessive forces to prevent damage or injury.
If you have a particular glass object or application in mind, it would be best to consult relevant engineering or safety guidelines, or consult with professionals in the field, to determine the specific force limits for that particular glass type and context.