Space telescopes and Earth-based telescopes differ in several key aspects:
Location: Space telescopes are positioned outside the Earth's atmosphere, typically in orbits around the Earth or other celestial bodies. Earth-based telescopes, on the other hand, are located on the surface of the Earth. The absence of atmosphere in space allows space telescopes to observe celestial objects without the atmospheric distortions that can affect Earth-based telescopes.
Atmospheric Effects: Earth-based telescopes are subject to atmospheric turbulence, which can cause blurring and distortion of the images they capture. Space telescopes, being above the atmosphere, are not affected by such atmospheric turbulence. They can provide significantly clearer and sharper images with higher resolution.
Observing Wavelengths: Earth-based telescopes can observe a wide range of wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum, from radio waves to gamma rays. However, certain wavelengths such as ultraviolet (UV) and X-rays are largely absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere and cannot be observed from the ground. Space telescopes, with their unobstructed view, are designed to observe these wavelengths, making it possible to study celestial objects and phenomena that emit radiation in the UV and X-ray ranges.
Background Noise and Light Pollution: Space telescopes are not affected by light pollution caused by human activities or natural sources on Earth. They can observe faint and distant objects with greater sensitivity since they are not affected by the background noise and light pollution present on the ground.
Accessibility and Maintenance: Earth-based telescopes are relatively more accessible for maintenance, repairs, and upgrades since they are located on the surface of the Earth. They can be serviced and upgraded by astronomers and engineers as needed. Space telescopes, on the other hand, require complex and costly missions for servicing or repairs, typically carried out by manned or robotic missions.
Duration of Observations: Space telescopes can observe continuously without being limited by daylight or atmospheric conditions. They can observe 24 hours a day, providing a continuous stream of data. Earth-based telescopes are subject to limitations due to Earth's rotation, daylight hours, and weather conditions, which can restrict observing time.
While both space telescopes and Earth-based telescopes have their advantages and limitations, space telescopes have made significant contributions to astronomical research by providing unprecedented views of the universe, capturing detailed images, and collecting data in wavelengths that are inaccessible from the ground.