The scenario you've described involves two separate phenomena: black hole evaporation via Hawking radiation and the false vacuum decay. Let's explore them individually and then consider their potential interaction.
Black Hole Evaporation: According to Stephen Hawking's theory of black hole evaporation, black holes emit a form of radiation known as Hawking radiation. This radiation arises due to quantum effects near the event horizon of a black hole, and it causes the black hole to gradually lose mass over time. However, it's important to note that the Hawking radiation emitted by a black hole is extremely weak, and for astrophysical black holes, the process takes an incredibly long time. The evaporation timescale for a black hole is inversely proportional to its mass, so smaller black holes evaporate more quickly than larger ones.
False Vacuum Decay: False vacuum decay is a hypothetical phenomenon derived from quantum field theory. It involves a vacuum state in particle physics called the false vacuum, which is a metastable state. According to some theories, the false vacuum may not be entirely stable, and it could undergo a phase transition to a lower-energy vacuum state. This transition, known as vacuum decay or a vacuum bubble nucleation event, would release a significant amount of energy and potentially rearrange the laws of physics in the affected region.
Now, as for the interaction between black hole evaporation and false vacuum decay, there is currently no established scientific consensus on such a scenario. Both processes occur on vastly different scales and involve different physical mechanisms.
Black hole evaporation primarily affects the black hole itself, gradually decreasing its mass over time. It does not typically involve explosive events that could trigger vacuum decay.
On the other hand, vacuum decay is a highly speculative concept, and its potential consequences are still a topic of active research. The conditions required for vacuum decay to occur and its precise implications are not well understood. There is no conclusive evidence to suggest that a black hole evaporation could trigger a catastrophic vacuum decay event that would obliterate a significant portion of the universe within the black hole's event horizon.
In summary, while both black hole evaporation and false vacuum decay are intriguing areas of theoretical physics, their connection and potential for catastrophic events remain largely speculative. Further research is necessary to explore these phenomena in greater detail and understand their interplay, if any, within the framework of our current understanding of physics.