The specific loss of energy (334 kJ/kg) and the corresponding specific loss of mass (3.7 ng/kg) during the solidification of water do not contradict the principle of conservation of mass and energy. Let me explain why.
The conservation of mass states that mass cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be rearranged or transformed. In the case of water solidifying, the total mass of the system remains the same before and after solidification. The water molecules simply rearrange themselves into a more ordered and compact structure, forming a solid (ice).
During the process of solidification, energy is released as heat. This energy is transferred away from the system. The specific loss of energy (334 kJ/kg) refers to the amount of energy released per kilogram of water during the phase change from liquid to solid. This energy is not "lost" in the sense that it disappears from the universe. It is just transferred out of the system in the form of heat energy.
The specific loss of mass (3.7 ng/kg) refers to the mass difference between a kilogram of water in its liquid state and a kilogram of water in its solid state. This small decrease in mass is due to the formation of a more tightly packed and ordered structure in the solid phase compared to the less ordered liquid phase. However, this decrease in mass is negligible and does not contradict the principle of conservation of mass.
In summary, the specific loss of energy and mass during the solidification of water does not contradict the conservation laws. The conservation of mass and energy still holds true because the total mass and energy in the system remain constant, even though there may be changes in the distribution or form of mass and energy.