The current understanding of the universe's composition and dynamics is based on our best scientific theories and observations. According to the prevailing cosmological model, known as the Lambda-CDM model, the universe consists primarily of ordinary matter (including both visible matter and dark matter) and energy, with a small fraction being attributed to dark energy.
Positive and negative forces, as you mentioned, are not typically used to describe the overall structure of the universe. Instead, forces such as gravity play a crucial role in the dynamics of cosmic objects and their interactions. Gravity is an attractive force that acts on all forms of matter and energy, including both ordinary matter and dark matter. It is the dominant force on large scales, responsible for shaping the formation of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and the overall structure of the universe.
Dark energy, on the other hand, is a hypothetical form of energy that is thought to contribute to the accelerated expansion of the universe. It is believed to have a repulsive effect, causing the expansion to accelerate rather than slow down due to the gravitational pull of matter. However, the nature of dark energy remains a topic of ongoing research and investigation.
In summary, while positive and negative forces are not typically used to describe the universe's structure, forces like gravity play a significant role in shaping the cosmos. Dark energy is considered a possible explanation for the accelerated expansion of the universe, but its precise nature is still not well understood.