Yes, it is possible for an object to block a light wave but not a sound wave, or vice versa. The ability of an object to block or transmit waves depends on the interaction between the object and the properties of the wave.
Light waves, being electromagnetic waves, interact differently with objects compared to sound waves, which are mechanical waves. Light waves consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields and can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted by different materials. Transparent materials, such as glass, allow light waves to pass through with minimal absorption or scattering, effectively transmitting the light. On the other hand, opaque objects like metals or dense materials can block or reflect light waves, preventing their transmission.
Sound waves, being mechanical waves, require a medium such as air, water, or solids to propagate. The interaction of sound waves with objects is based on their ability to vibrate and transmit energy. In general, sound waves can travel around objects or pass through them unless the object is acoustically dense enough or specifically designed to block sound. For example, a thick wall or a soundproofing material can block or absorb sound waves, reducing their transmission.
Therefore, while it is possible for an object to block light waves and allow sound waves to pass through (e.g., opaque glass), or vice versa (e.g., a soundproof glass), it ultimately depends on the properties of the object and the specific characteristics of the waves involved.