Waves in the ocean are primarily caused by the transfer of energy from the wind to the water's surface. When wind blows across the ocean, it creates friction and imparts energy to the water, leading to the formation of waves. The size, speed, and behavior of waves depend on various factors such as wind speed, duration, and fetch (the distance over which the wind blows).
While it is possible for there to be periods with very few or no waves, it would generally be temporary and relatively short-lived. Several conditions can result in calm or waveless seas:
Low wind conditions: If there is a lack of wind or the wind speed is significantly reduced, the energy transfer to the water surface decreases, resulting in calmer seas.
Sheltered areas: Coastal regions or bays that are shielded from strong winds or have natural barriers can experience reduced wave activity.
High-pressure systems: In areas influenced by a stable high-pressure system, there may be less wind and consequently fewer waves.
However, even during calm periods, some small ripples or swells may still be present due to other factors like tidal effects or distant storms. The duration of a waveless or near waveless period would depend on the prevailing weather patterns and local conditions. It could range from a few hours to several days, but it is unlikely to persist for an extended period unless in very specific circumstances.