The number of atoms in a planet and the number of atoms in the Sun can vary significantly based on their respective masses and compositions. However, as a rough estimate, I can provide you with an approximate comparison.
Let's consider Earth as an example of a planet and the Sun as the star. The Sun is primarily composed of hydrogen (about 74% by mass) and helium (about 24% by mass), with trace amounts of other elements. Earth, on the other hand, has a diverse composition with elements such as oxygen, silicon, iron, and others.
The Sun has a mass of approximately 1.989 × 10^30 kilograms, and Earth has a mass of approximately 5.972 × 10^24 kilograms. Assuming both the Sun and Earth are made up of atoms alone, we can compare the number of atoms based on their masses and average atomic masses.
To make the comparison, we need to convert the masses into the number of moles using the molar mass of each element. The molar mass of hydrogen is approximately 1 gram per mole, and the molar mass of helium is approximately 4 grams per mole. For Earth, the molar masses of various elements will be involved.
Considering these factors, the Sun is estimated to have about 1.2 × 10^57 atoms, while Earth is estimated to have around 1.33 × 10^50 atoms.
Please note that these estimates are rough calculations, assuming atomic composition and neglecting various other factors like isotopes, compounds, and variations in elemental abundances. The actual numbers may differ, but this approximation provides a sense of the vast difference in scale between the number of atoms in a planet like Earth and the number of atoms in the Sun.