Yes, Newton's third law of motion applies throughout the entire process of a person jumping on a trampoline, including the time period when the trampoline goes down before pushing the person back up. Newton's third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
When a person jumps on a trampoline, they exert a downward force on the trampoline surface. According to Newton's third law, the trampoline exerts an equal and opposite force upward on the person. This force from the trampoline acts as a reaction force.
Initially, when the person lands on the trampoline, the surface of the trampoline is pushed down due to the force applied by the person's weight. During this downward motion, the trampoline material deforms, compressing the springs or elastic components that provide its bounce.
As the trampoline material is compressed, it stores potential energy in the springs or elastic elements. When the trampoline reaches its maximum compression or deformation, it has accumulated enough potential energy to reverse its motion. At this point, the potential energy is converted back into kinetic energy, causing the trampoline to push back against the person's feet.
The force exerted by the trampoline upward is a reaction to the force applied by the person downward. This upward force propels the person into the air, allowing them to jump higher. The time delay between the person landing on the trampoline and being propelled upward is due to the process of energy storage and release within the trampoline system.
It's important to note that the trampoline's ability to push the person upward is dependent on the elasticity of its materials and the design of the springs or elastic components. The more elastic the trampoline, the more efficiently it can store and release energy, resulting in a more pronounced upward bounce.