The concept of Planck units, including the Planck time (approximately 1 x 10^-44 seconds), arises from the framework of theoretical physics and attempts to describe the fundamental scales of measurement in the universe. However, it's important to note that our current understanding of physics at such extremely small scales is incomplete, and theories like quantum gravity are still being developed to explain phenomena at the Planck scale.
In the context of your question, the idea of information progressing from one unit of time to the next without overlapping itself is indeed a challenging aspect to reconcile. The notion of time and causality at the Planck scale is an area of active research and remains an open question.
One possible approach to understanding this is through quantum mechanics, which introduces concepts such as superposition and entanglement. At the quantum level, particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously and can be entangled, meaning their states become correlated. These phenomena may have implications for how information can propagate or evolve over time.
However, when considering the behavior of information in the context of Planck-scale durations and the fundamental nature of time, it becomes highly speculative due to the lack of a comprehensive theory that unifies quantum mechanics and general relativity (which describes gravity on large scales).
Ultimately, until a more complete theory of quantum gravity is established, it is challenging to provide a definitive answer to how information progresses from one Planck time unit to the next without overlapping itself. The nature of time at such scales remains an active area of scientific exploration and theoretical speculation.