Electricity moves through a closed loop path, such as an electrical circuit, by the flow of electrons. In a typical circuit, there are three main components: a power source, such as a battery or a generator, conductive wires, and a load, such as a light bulb or an electric motor.
When the power source is connected to the circuit, it creates a potential difference, also known as voltage. This potential difference pushes the electrons in the circuit, causing them to move from the negative terminal of the power source, through the wires, and towards the positive terminal.
The conductive wires, usually made of materials like copper or aluminum, provide a pathway for the electrons to flow. These wires have low resistance, allowing the electrons to move relatively easily. The flow of electrons through the wires is often referred to as an electric current.
As the electrons move through the wires, they encounter the load, which is usually a device that converts electrical energy into another form, such as light or mechanical energy. For example, in the case of a light bulb, the electric current passes through a filament, which heats up and emits light.
It's important to note that the movement of electrons in a closed loop path is a continuous process. Electrons do not get used up or destroyed; they simply flow from the negative terminal of the power source to the positive terminal, completing the circuit. This continuous flow of electrons allows for the sustained movement of electricity through the closed loop path.