Electricity is obtained in trains through various methods, depending on the type of train and the infrastructure available. There are three primary methods for obtaining electricity in trains:
Overhead Lines (Catenary System): This method involves overhead lines that supply electrical power to the train. A pantograph, which is a device mounted on the train's roof, collects electricity from the overhead lines. The electricity is then transmitted to the train's onboard systems, including propulsion, lighting, and other electrical equipment.
Third Rail: Some trains, particularly subway and light rail systems, use a third rail system to obtain electricity. The third rail is a conductive rail placed alongside or between the regular tracks. The train has a contact shoe or pickup shoe that makes contact with the third rail, allowing the train to draw electrical power.
Onboard Power Generation: In certain cases, trains generate their own electricity using onboard power generation systems. This can involve diesel-powered generators or other types of power generation technology, such as fuel cells. These systems produce electricity to power the train's systems, including propulsion and auxiliary functions.
It's worth noting that the specific method used depends on factors such as the type of train, infrastructure available, regional standards, and energy efficiency considerations. Different countries and regions may have different systems in place to provide electricity to trains.