Ultraviolet (UV) rays can be harmful to living organisms, including humans, for several reasons:
DNA damage: UV rays have enough energy to disrupt the DNA molecules in our cells. Prolonged or intense exposure to UV radiation can cause direct damage to the DNA structure, leading to mutations and increasing the risk of skin cancer and other cellular abnormalities.
Skin damage: UV rays can penetrate the skin and cause various forms of skin damage. Overexposure to UV radiation can lead to sunburn, premature skin aging (wrinkles, sagging, and age spots), and an increased risk of skin cancers like melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Eye damage: UV radiation can harm the delicate tissues of the eyes. Unprotected exposure to UV rays can cause photokeratitis (a painful inflammation of the cornea), cataracts (clouding of the eye's lens), and other eye conditions.
Weakened immune system: Excessive UV exposure can suppress the immune system's functioning, making individuals more susceptible to infections, slower wound healing, and other immune-related issues.
It's important to note that not all UV radiation is harmful. The Sun emits different types of UV rays, categorized into UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC rays are largely absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere and are not a significant concern. However, both UVA and UVB rays can be harmful, with UVB being more intense and causing more immediate damage like sunburns. Protecting oneself from UV radiation through measures such as wearing sunscreen, protective clothing, and sunglasses, and seeking shade during peak sunlight hours can help minimize the harmful effects of UV rays.