It's true that lightning can reach extremely high temperatures, estimated to be around 30,000 Kelvin (around 53,540 degrees Fahrenheit or 29,727 degrees Celsius). This makes it hotter than the surface of the sun, which is around 5,500 degrees Celsius (9,932 degrees Fahrenheit). Despite these high temperatures, people can survive being struck by lightning due to several factors:
Duration: Lightning bolts are very brief, typically lasting only a fraction of a second. While the temperature is extremely high, the exposure time to the intense heat is relatively short, which reduces the overall damage.
Path of least resistance: When lightning strikes a person, it generally takes the path of least resistance through the body, following a path of conductive material such as nerves, blood vessels, or sweat. This can help minimize the damage caused to vital organs.
Surface contact: In many cases, lightning strikes a person when they are in contact with the ground or another conductive surface. The ground or object absorbs a significant portion of the electrical discharge, reducing the direct impact on the person.
Current distribution: The human body is a complex conductor. When struck by lightning, the electrical current may divide and spread throughout the body, reducing the concentration of current in any particular area.
However, it's important to note that surviving a lightning strike does not mean there won't be any injuries or long-term effects. Even though survival rates have improved over time, lightning strikes can still cause serious injuries, including burns, neurological damage, cardiac issues, and psychological trauma. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if someone is struck by lightning, even if they appear to be okay, as there can be internal injuries that are not immediately apparent.