Velocity does not directly cause time dilation. However, according to the theory of special relativity, when an object or observer is in motion relative to another object or observer, time dilation occurs as a consequence of the relative motion.
Special relativity states that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion relative to each other. One of the fundamental principles of special relativity is that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion.
As an object's velocity approaches the speed of light, time dilation occurs. This means that time appears to pass more slowly for the moving object as observed by a stationary observer. Similarly, from the perspective of the moving object, time appears to pass normally, but the stationary observer's time seems to be running faster.
The phenomenon can be explained by the concept of spacetime. According to special relativity, space and time are not separate entities but are interconnected as spacetime. When an object moves through spacetime, its motion through space affects its motion through time, and vice versa.
As an object's velocity increases, the object's motion through space increases relative to its motion through time. This results in a dilation or stretching of time, where time intervals between events in the moving object's frame of reference appear longer when observed by a stationary observer.
It is important to note that time dilation is a relativistic effect and is significant only at velocities approaching the speed of light, which is extremely high. For everyday speeds and velocities, the effects of time dilation are negligible and not noticeable.