Erwin Schrödinger made significant contributions to the development of atomic theory, particularly through his formulation of wave mechanics or quantum mechanics. His work built upon the earlier discoveries and ideas of scientists like Max Planck, Albert Einstein, and Louis de Broglie.
Here are the key contributions made by Erwin Schrödinger to atomic theory:
Schrödinger Equation: In 1926, Schrödinger formulated a partial differential equation known as the Schrödinger equation. This equation describes the behavior of quantum particles, including electrons, in terms of wave functions. The equation allows for the calculation of the probability distribution of finding a particle in a particular state or location.
Wave Function: Schrödinger introduced the concept of the wave function, denoted by the Greek letter psi (ψ). The wave function describes the quantum state of a particle and contains information about its position, momentum, and energy. The square of the wave function, |ψ|^2, gives the probability density of finding the particle in a particular state.
Quantum Superposition: Schrödinger's wave mechanics allowed for the description of quantum superposition. According to this concept, particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously until they are observed or measured. The wave function can be in a superposition of different states, representing a combination of possibilities.
Quantum Mechanics of Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger's wave equation successfully provided a mathematical description of the hydrogen atom. By solving the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom, he derived the energy levels and wave functions associated with the electron's motion around the nucleus. This helped explain the discrete energy spectra observed in atomic emission and absorption spectra.
Schrödinger's Cat: Although not directly related to atomic theory, Schrödinger's famous thought experiment, known as "Schrödinger's cat," illustrated the concept of quantum superposition and the role of observation in collapsing the wave function. It highlighted the counterintuitive nature of quantum mechanics, where a cat could be considered simultaneously dead and alive until observed.
Schrödinger's wave mechanics provided a mathematical framework that unified and extended previous models of atomic behavior, ultimately contributing to the foundation of quantum theory. His work, along with the contributions of other scientists, laid the groundwork for our modern understanding of atomic and subatomic particles.