There are several physics experiments that can be conducted using household materials. Here are a few examples:
Pendulum: Create a simple pendulum by attaching a string to a weight (such as a small toy or a metal washer) and suspending it from a fixed point, like the edge of a table. Measure the time it takes for the pendulum to complete one full swing. You can vary the length of the string and observe how it affects the period of the pendulum.
Density of liquids: Take various liquids available at home, such as water, oil, and honey, and measure their densities. Fill identical containers with each liquid and measure the mass and volume of the liquid. Divide the mass by the volume to find the density. Compare the densities of different liquids and observe their variations.
Static electricity: Rub a balloon against a wool or a dry cloth to generate static electricity. Then, hold the balloon near small pieces of paper or tiny objects like cereal flakes. Observe how the static electricity attracts or repels the objects.
Simple machines: Explore the principles of simple machines like levers and pulleys. Build a simple lever using a ruler as a beam and a pencil as a fulcrum. Place different objects at varying distances from the fulcrum and observe how it affects the balance. For pulleys, you can use string, a small bucket, and a coat hanger to create a simple pulley system and explore how it makes lifting objects easier.
Optics: Conduct basic experiments related to light and optics. For example, you can use a glass of water and a pencil to demonstrate refraction. Place the pencil partially in the water and observe how it appears bent at the water-air interface. You can also use a flashlight and different materials like glass, plastic, and water to observe how light behaves when it passes through them.
Remember to always prioritize safety when conducting experiments at home. Take necessary precautions, and if an experiment involves potentially hazardous materials or equipment, consult with an adult or a professional.