Yes, it is theoretically possible to add or subtract neutrons and protons from the nucleus of an atom, which can result in the formation of a different element. This process is known as nuclear transmutation.
Changing the number of protons in an atom's nucleus directly affects its atomic number, determining the element it belongs to. Adding or removing protons from an atom would result in the creation of a different element altogether, as elements are defined by the number of protons in their nuclei.
However, it's important to note that changing the number of protons in an atomic nucleus is not a trivial task. The number of protons determines the atom's fundamental properties, such as its chemical behavior and the type of element it represents. Changing the number of protons requires nuclear reactions, which typically involve significant amounts of energy and specific conditions.
On the other hand, changing the number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus can result in different isotopes of the same element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Isotopes can exhibit different nuclear properties and may have different stability and radioactive decay characteristics.
In summary, changing the number of protons in an atomic nucleus can result in the formation of a different element, while changing the number of neutrons can give rise to different isotopes of the same element. Both processes involve nuclear reactions and may require specific conditions and energy inputs.