Reentering the Earth's atmosphere from orbit is a challenging process, and objects typically experience extreme heat and forces due to atmospheric friction. Most lightweight and low-density materials, such as aerogel, paper, or thin fiberglass sheets, would not survive reentry and would likely burn up or disintegrate.
During reentry, objects experience intense heating due to compression of the surrounding air, resulting in temperatures that can exceed thousands of degrees Celsius. This extreme heat can cause materials to melt, vaporize, or combust, leading to their destruction.
In some specialized cases, certain heat-resistant materials, such as certain ceramic composites or thermal protection systems like the ones used on spacecraft, can withstand the extreme temperatures encountered during reentry. For example, the heat shield tiles on the Space Shuttle were made of reinforced carbon-carbon or silica fibers and were specifically designed to protect the spacecraft during reentry.
However, lightweight and low-density materials like aerogel, paper, or thin fiberglass sheets are not designed to withstand the extreme conditions of reentry and would not likely survive the journey intact.