In the context of wave-particle duality, particles such as electrons or photons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. When we consider the wave aspect, we often refer to properties such as wavelength, frequency, and propagation through space. In this sense, all particles within a wave are associated with the wave's characteristics and move, in a sense, as the wave propagates.
However, it's important to note that the movement of particles in a wave differs from the macroscopic movement of everyday objects. In a wave, particles do not move in a bulk or coherent manner like a solid object moving through space. Instead, the particles oscillate or vibrate around their equilibrium positions as the wave passes through them. These oscillations transmit energy and information through the wave medium.
To provide a concrete example, consider an ocean wave. As the wave travels across the water's surface, individual water molecules move in a cyclical motion up and down, but they do not all move in the same direction as the wave itself. Similarly, in a light wave, the individual photons oscillate with electric and magnetic fields but do not necessarily move in the same direction as the wave's propagation.
So, while all particles associated with a wave participate in the wave's behavior and exhibit some form of motion, it is important to distinguish this behavior from the macroscopic movement of particles as discrete objects.