In most cases, the landing distance is shorter than the takeoff distance for an aircraft. There are several reasons for this:
Takeoff acceleration: During takeoff, an aircraft needs to accelerate from a standstill to its takeoff speed, which requires a longer distance. This acceleration phase includes factors such as ground roll and reaching the necessary speed for lift-off.
Safety margins: During takeoff, aircraft performance calculations account for safety margins, such as ensuring sufficient runway length for various contingencies like engine failure. These safety factors result in a longer required takeoff distance.
Landing deceleration: On the other hand, during landing, the aircraft is already in flight and at a higher speed. It needs to decelerate and come to a stop. The landing distance includes factors like ground roll, aerodynamic braking (using flaps and spoilers), and the application of brakes.
Approach phase: Before landing, the aircraft goes through an approach phase, during which it descends gradually and aligns with the runway. This gradual descent and alignment help reduce the speed before touchdown.
Reverse thrust and spoilers: Many commercial aircraft use reverse thrust and deploy spoilers after touchdown to enhance deceleration. These mechanisms aid in reducing the landing distance required.
It's important to note that the exact takeoff and landing distances vary depending on factors such as aircraft type, weight, weather conditions, runway length, and other operational considerations. Airports and regulatory authorities establish specific requirements and guidelines to ensure safe takeoffs and landings for different aircraft types.