While superfluids and supersolids exist, the concept of "supergases" is not commonly discussed in the same way. Superfluids and supersolids are special states of matter that exhibit unique properties, but the behavior of gases is different due to the nature of their molecular interactions.
Superfluids are typically formed at very low temperatures, close to absolute zero, where certain materials can undergo a phase transition and lose all viscosity. Supersolids, on the other hand, are a more recent and less understood phenomenon. They are materials that exhibit both solid-like properties, such as crystalline structure, and superfluid behavior simultaneously.
For gases, achieving a state similar to superfluidity is more complex. At extremely low temperatures, some gases can enter a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) state, which is considered a form of "supergas." In a BEC, a significant fraction of atoms in the gas occupy the same quantum state, leading to unique macroscopic behavior. However, it's important to note that a BEC is not a gaseous state in the traditional sense, as it represents a specific quantum mechanical phenomenon.
In terms of solid-to-gas transitions, the temperature at which a solid becomes a gas is known as the sublimation temperature. Sublimation occurs when the vapor pressure of the solid exceeds the atmospheric pressure, causing the solid to transition directly into a gas phase without passing through the liquid phase. The sublimation temperature varies depending on the substance. For example, dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) sublimates at -78.5 degrees Celsius (-109.3 degrees Fahrenheit).
However, it's important to clarify that the term "supergas" is not typically used in scientific literature or discussions, as it does not represent a well-defined state of matter like superfluids or supersolids.