One simple device that was built to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth is known as a Foucault pendulum. The Foucault pendulum was invented by the French physicist Léon Foucault in 1851. It consists of a long, heavy pendulum suspended from a fixed point. As the pendulum swings back and forth, its plane of oscillation appears to rotate slowly over time due to the Earth's rotation.
The rotation of the Earth causes the plane of the pendulum's swing to change relative to the Earth's surface. The rate of rotation depends on the latitude of the location where the pendulum is located. At the North or South Pole, the rotation would appear to be a full 360-degree rotation over approximately 24 hours, while at the equator, there would be no rotation observed.
The Foucault pendulum provided experimental evidence for the rotation of the Earth and played a significant role in supporting the understanding of Earth's rotation, which was previously established through theoretical and astronomical observations.