In quantum mechanics, there is a concept known as wave-particle duality and the observer effect, which can sometimes be misunderstood and lead to statements like "an object doesn't exist unless I look at it." However, it's important to clarify the underlying principles and limitations involved.
The wave-particle duality suggests that particles, such as electrons or photons, can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. The behavior of these particles is described by a mathematical entity called the wavefunction, which represents the probability distribution of their possible states. The wavefunction evolves according to the Schrödinger equation, a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics.
The observer effect, or measurement problem, refers to the impact of measurement on the quantum system being observed. When a measurement is made on a quantum system, the wavefunction collapses, meaning it transitions from a superposition of multiple states to a single definite state. This collapse is associated with the act of observation or interaction with the system.
However, it is important to note that the collapse of the wavefunction does not imply that an object does not exist unless it is observed. The collapse is a mathematical description of the change in the probability distribution associated with the observed system. The existence of the object itself is not contingent on an observer.
Instead, quantum mechanics describes the behavior and properties of particles in terms of probabilities. Prior to measurement, a particle can exist in a superposition of states, meaning it can be in multiple states simultaneously. The act of measurement reveals one specific state from the range of possibilities.
The observer effect arises due to the fundamental nature of quantum mechanics and the way measurements interact with quantum systems. It does not imply that an object does not exist until observed, but rather that the act of observation influences the system and collapses its wavefunction into a specific state.
It's worth noting that there are ongoing debates and interpretations within the field of quantum mechanics regarding the observer effect and the nature of measurement. Different interpretations, such as the Copenhagen interpretation, many-worlds interpretation, or consistent histories interpretation, offer alternative explanations and philosophical viewpoints on these matters.