The four quantum numbers that correspond to the electron in a hydrogen atom are:
Principal Quantum Number (n): It represents the energy level or shell of the electron. It can have integer values greater than or equal to 1. The larger the value of n, the higher the energy level and the farther the electron is from the nucleus.
Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l): It describes the shape of the electron's orbital within a particular energy level. It can have integer values from 0 to (n-1). The value of l determines the subshell and shape of the orbital. For example, when l = 0, the subshell is called s and corresponds to a spherical orbital; when l = 1, the subshell is called p and corresponds to dumbbell-shaped orbitals; when l = 2, the subshell is called d, and so on.
Magnetic Quantum Number (mᵣ): It indicates the orientation of the orbital in space. It can have integer values ranging from -l to +l. The magnetic quantum number specifies the number of orbitals and their specific orientation within a subshell. For example, if l = 1 (p subshell), mᵣ can be -1, 0, or 1, corresponding to the three mutually perpendicular p orbitals along the x, y, and z axes.
Spin Quantum Number (s): It represents the intrinsic spin of the electron. It can have two possible values: +1/2 or -1/2, indicating the two opposite spin directions of the electron.
Together, these four quantum numbers determine the unique quantum state and properties of an electron within a hydrogen atom.