Yes, according to quantum mechanics, there is a non-zero probability for a particle, such as an atom, to tunnel through a potential barrier, even in the case of a solid material like a piece of rock. This phenomenon is known as quantum tunneling.
In a solid material, atoms are bound together by the forces between them, forming a potential energy barrier that prevents them from easily escaping. However, due to the wave-like nature of particles at the quantum level, there is a finite probability that an atom can tunnel through this barrier and escape.
The probability of tunneling depends on various factors, including the height and width of the potential barrier, the energy of the particle, and the mass of the particle. For a macroscopic object like a piece of rock, the probability of an entire rock tunneling through the potential barrier is extraordinarily low and practically negligible.
However, at the atomic scale, quantum tunneling becomes more significant. It plays a crucial role in phenomena such as radioactive decay and electron tunneling in solid-state devices like tunneling diodes and scanning tunneling microscopes.
In summary, while there is an infinitesimal probability for an atom in a solid material to escape completely via quantum tunneling, this probability is incredibly small for macroscopic objects and negligible for everyday scenarios.