In the context of mirror reflection, the behavior of photons and electrons can be understood through the principles of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED is a quantum field theory that describes the interaction between electromagnetic fields and charged particles, such as electrons.
When an electron interacts with a mirror, it emits a photon due to the change in its energy state. The emission of this photon is a quantum mechanical process and can be understood probabilistically. It is true that the direction in which the photon is emitted is random, following the principles of quantum mechanics.
However, when we consider the overall process of reflection, we need to take into account the statistical behavior of a large number of photons and electrons interacting with the mirror surface. While individual photons may be emitted in random directions, the overall reflection process follows deterministic laws, specifically the law of reflection.
The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident photon or light ray and the normal to the mirror surface) is equal to the angle of reflection (the angle between the reflected photon or light ray and the normal to the mirror surface). This law holds true for a large number of photons and can be observed experimentally.
In quantum mechanics, the behavior of individual particles is described probabilistically, but when we consider a large ensemble of particles, statistical behavior emerges, leading to deterministic macroscopic laws such as the law of reflection. So, while at the individual level the emission of photons may be random, at the macroscopic level, the collective behavior of many photons follows the law of reflection, resulting in a specific direction of reflection.