String theory is a theoretical framework in physics that attempts to describe the fundamental building blocks of the universe and the forces between them. It seeks to unify the principles of quantum mechanics and general relativity, which are two of the most successful theories in physics but are incompatible at their core.
In string theory, the basic entities are not point-like particles but tiny, vibrating strings. These strings can oscillate in different ways, giving rise to different particles with distinct properties, such as mass and charge. However, string theory does not specifically address the origin of particles from waveforms before the existence of light or darkness.
The concept of "before" the existence of light or darkness is a metaphysical question that goes beyond the scope of scientific inquiry. In the context of the Big Bang, which is the prevailing cosmological model for the origin of the universe, our understanding of physics breaks down at very early times. The conditions that prevailed during the earliest moments of the universe are currently the subject of active research, and theories such as string theory aim to provide a consistent framework for describing those conditions.
String theory does offer potential insights into the behavior of particles and the fundamental forces of nature, but its full implications are still under investigation. It is an area of ongoing research, and scientists continue to explore its mathematical and conceptual aspects to understand the fundamental nature of the universe.