The Copenhagen interpretation and the pilot wave theory are two different interpretations of quantum mechanics, and their popularity among physicists is not solely determined by how well they fit empirical data. Several factors have contributed to the relative popularity of the Copenhagen interpretation over the pilot wave theory. Here are some reasons:
Simplicity and mathematical elegance: The Copenhagen interpretation offers a relatively simple and mathematically elegant framework for understanding quantum mechanics. It focuses on the probabilistic nature of quantum phenomena and introduces the concept of wave-particle duality. The mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics, based on linear operators and wave functions, is consistent with the Copenhagen interpretation and has been highly successful in explaining and predicting experimental results.
Historical development and acceptance: The Copenhagen interpretation has a long history and was championed by prominent physicists such as Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, who played key roles in the development of quantum mechanics. The interpretation gained widespread acceptance in the physics community and became the dominant view during the early development of quantum theory. The historical influence and acceptance of the Copenhagen interpretation have contributed to its continued popularity.
Compatibility with quantum field theory: The Copenhagen interpretation is compatible with the formalism of quantum field theory, which is a framework for describing quantum phenomena in a relativistic context. Quantum field theory has been highly successful in describing particle physics and has been tested and validated through numerous experiments. The compatibility between the Copenhagen interpretation and quantum field theory has reinforced its popularity among physicists working in high-energy physics.
Experimental confirmation of key predictions: The Copenhagen interpretation has made successful predictions that have been experimentally confirmed. For example, phenomena such as the double-slit experiment and the quantization of energy levels in atoms have been accurately described within the framework of the Copenhagen interpretation. The experimental validation of these predictions has bolstered its standing in the physics community.
In contrast, the pilot wave theory, also known as the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation, introduces a different conceptual framework where particles are guided by a hidden wave that determines their behavior. While the pilot wave theory can reproduce the same empirical results as the Copenhagen interpretation, it introduces additional complexity and conceptual challenges, such as the presence of non-locality.
The preference for the Copenhagen interpretation can be attributed to a combination of historical, conceptual, and mathematical factors, as well as the success of the interpretation in explaining experimental results and its compatibility with quantum field theory. However, it is important to note that interpretations of quantum mechanics continue to be subjects of debate and investigation, and alternative views, including the pilot wave theory, still have their proponents and ongoing research.