Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum mechanics where two or more particles become correlated in such a way that their properties are intrinsically linked, even when they are physically separated. While I can explain quantum entanglement, incorporating specific numbers and string theory into an example might not be the most suitable approach. However, I can provide a simplified explanation of quantum entanglement using a simple scenario:
Consider a thought experiment involving two particles, let's call them Particle A and Particle B. We'll assign them a property known as spin, which is an intrinsic property of particles.
In quantum mechanics, spin can be measured along different axes, such as the x-axis, y-axis, or z-axis. Each measurement can yield one of two possible outcomes, which we'll denote as "up" and "down." So, for each particle, we can assign a set of spin measurements for each axis.
Now, let's imagine that Particle A and Particle B are in an entangled state. This means their spins are correlated in a way that the combined system cannot be described as the independent spins of Particle A and Particle B.
If we measure the spin of Particle A along the x-axis and obtain an "up" result, instantaneously we know that the spin of Particle B along the x-axis will be "down," regardless of the physical distance between them. Similarly, if we measure Particle A's spin along the y-axis and obtain an "up" result, we know that Particle B's spin along the y-axis will be "down."
The remarkable aspect of entanglement is that until we make a measurement on either particle, their spins along each axis are not determined. They exist in a superposition of both "up" and "down" states. It's only when a measurement is made on one particle that the spin of the other particle becomes determined instantaneously.
This instantaneous correlation between the entangled particles, regardless of their physical separation, is what makes entanglement intriguing and leads to various applications in quantum information and communication.
Regarding string theory, it is a theoretical framework that aims to describe the fundamental particles and forces in the universe by modeling them as tiny vibrating strings. While string theory is a fascinating area of research, it is not directly related to the concept of quantum entanglement, which is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics.